Thursday, June 28, 2007
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Melatonin in mammals it influences hormone production and in many species regulates seasonal changes such as reproductive pattern and fur color. In humans it is implicated in the regulation of sleep, mood, puberty, and ovarian cycles and it has been tried therapeutically for insomnia, jet lag, and other conditions...... Click the link for more information. is a hormone produced by the brain's pineal gland, and it is also found in small amounts in certain foods, including meat, grains, fruits and vegetables. Melatonin is best for helping to fall asleep, but may not help maintain the slumber, since it is not a depressant. It is most often used by shift workers, jet-lagged travelers and those with Seasonal Affective Disorder affective disorder
n.
See mood disorder. to help re-set biological clocks. However, melatonin may inhibit a woman's ovulation by disturbing hormone levels, and large doses can have undesirable side effects, such as daytime fatigue.
Other herbs, some of which are included in herbal sleep concoctions such as Well-in-Hand's Sleep Rescue, also work for some people. Hops flowers, California poppy, skullcap and catnip can all be used to make relaxing teas, and some herbs used in aromatherapy are especially calming, such as chamomile, rose, lavender, passion flower and lemon balm. These oils can be burned or added to a warm bath. All of these herbs are approved by the Food and Drug Administration as food supplements.
Calcium and magnesium, taken before bed in a 2:1 ratio (for example, 1,000 milligrams [mg] of calcium and 500 mg of magnesium), can induce sleep, as does vitamin B3 in doses of 500 to 1,000 mg.
Homeopathic remedies are also commonly used to treat insomnia. Homeopathic treatments are based on naturally occurring plant, animal or mineral substances in dilute quantities. They usually come in small pill or concentrated liquid form, with measurements indicating the dilution of the primary ingredient. Larger numbers mean more dilution, but homeopathy practitioners say that small doses of remedies are more effective than larger ones. Some homeopathic remedies are coffee cruda (unroasted coffee) for nervous excitement, ignatia for those unable to sleep deeply, arsenicum album for a person suffering from anxiety and restlessness, and nux vomica to keep nightmares at bay and to promote quiet sleep.
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Stress can also cause insomnia. Kavey says, "Sleep is a neurochemical and neurophysiological process, and stress can upset the balance between sleep and wakefulness." Some other causes for insomnia might be an uncomfortable sleep environment or too much nicotine, alcohol or caffeine.
Even if you aren't quite sure what causes your insomnia, experts agree that the simplest and least-expensive route to better sleep is behavior modification. Some basics of "sleep hygiene" include: using your bed for sleep or sex only, which conditions you into knowing that when you are in bed, you're there to sleep; enacting a basic routine before bed; sticking to the same sleep schedule, even on weekends, and taking a warm shower before bed.
Other suggestions from the NIH include meditating or deep breathing exercises, making sure you get enough exercise (but not within three hours of bedtime), avoiding TV in the bedroom, and lest you think getting to sleep sounds like no fun, sex is usually recommended as a sleep-inducer. Dr. Michael Thorpy, director of the Sleep-Wake Disorders Center of Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx, also reminds us, "Ensure adequate exposure to natural light. This is particularly important for older people who may not venture outside as frequently as children or adults."
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For a considerable number of people older than 65 who have problems falling or staying asleep, the best remedy may be a warm bath or the time-honored glass of milk before bed rather than taking a sleeping pill. Sonia Anoli-Israel and her colleagues at the University of California at San Diego observed and analyzed the sleep of 427 people ages 65 or older over a four-year span. Just under one-quarter suffered from sleep apnea sleep apnea, episodes of interrupted breathing during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder in which relaxation of muscles in the throat repeatedly close off the airway during sleep; the person wakes just enough to take a gasping breath. This process is repeated many times during sleep and usually is not remembered the next day., a disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops for up to several minutes at a time during sleep. Over one-third of the sleeping pill sleeping pill, a pill containing medication that induces sleep. Benzodiazepines such as temazepam (Restoril) and triazolam triazolam /tri·a·zo·lam/ (tri-a´zo-lam) a benzodiazepine used as a sedative and hypnotic in the treatment of insomnia.
tri·a·zo·lam (tr- (Halcion) have for the most part replaced barbiturates as drugs of choice for insomnia. Imidaopyridines, such as zolpidem tartrate, are also sometimes used for short-term treatment; they are nonbenzodiazepines but work by acting on benzodiazepine receptors. prescriptions in the United States go to people older than 60, points out Anoli-Israel. If nearly 25 percent of them have sleep apnea, she says, "this is a dangerous situation." Sleeping pills prolong periods of non-breathing through their sedative
- allaying irritability and excitement.
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Biofeedback alpha biofeedback presentation of continuous information on the state of the brain-wave pattern, to assist in purposeful increase in the percentage of alpha activity and thus a state of relaxation and peaceful wakefulness.
bi·o·feed·back (b techniques or a glass of warm milk, which contains a sleep-promoting amino acid called tryptophan.
Try An essential amino acid formed from proteins during the digestive process by the action of proteolytic enzymes., are better alternatives, she says. Furthermore, says Cheryl Spinweber of the Naval Health Research Center in San Diego, sleeping pills can affect the short-term memory of people of all ages and make it harder for a person to awaken in response to a noise such as that produced by a smoke alarm. Spinweber and her co-workers administered a commonly used sleeping pill, triazolam, to young adult males for 12 consecutive nights in a sleep laboratory, while other subjects received a placebo for the same period. All of the subjects had experienced persistent trouble getting to sleep. Triazolam reduced by about 30 percent the time it took them to nod off and increased their total sleep time. But tones produced in the lab had to be much louder to bring triazolam subjects out of their sleep. Upon awakening in the morning, they also had poorer recall for words that had been shown to them the night before.
